Soalan Ramalan UPSR PMR & SPM 2012 » biology

Preparation of Soap

Admin — Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:32:24 +0000

Hypothesis: Prepare by boiling a mixture of coconut oil and Sodium Hydroxide

Aim: Prepare sample of Soap using oil and Hydroxide Solution
Apparatus: Bunsen Burner, Tripod Stand, retort stand with clamp, wire gauze, two beakers, filter funnel, glass rod, spatula

Method
Heat up the cooking Oil. Make sure the cooking oil is at 100 Celsius. Then add Sodium Hydroxide into the solution and stir. The solution will start to be sticky. Eventually continue to stir (Use an electric blender to stir it). Mix some fragrance and colouring and continue to stir. Once the soap reaches trace you can pour it into a designated cup.

Nota Perdana 2012
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Nota Perdana UPSR

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Monthly exercises and notes through emails
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All the notes and books will be in E Book format

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Effects of Drinking too much of Water

Admin — Sat, 02 Apr 2011 03:16:14 +0000

What happens when you consume too much of water? Does it brings more good to your health?

Hyponatraemia
Hyponatremia is a metabolic condition in which there is not enough sodium (salt) in the body fluids outside the cells. The effects of drinking too much water can cause instant death which can be terrifying. When we drink too much water, the salt level drops due to dilution of water. When the amount of sodium in fluids outside cells drops, water moves into the cells to balance the levels. This causes the cells to swell with too much water. Although most cells can handle this swelling, brain cells cannot, because the skull bones confine them. Brain swelling causes most of the symptoms of hyponatremia.

Causes of hyponatremia include:

Burns
Congestive heart failure
Diarrhea
Use of medications called diuretics, which increase urine output
Kidney diseases
Liver cirrhosis
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Sweating
Vomiting

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Biology Trial Paper 2010

Admin — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 17:03:53 +0000

All the trial papers are taken from 3rd source party. www.banksoalan.com. Skorminda.com does not hold any of the test paper in our database. The Test paper have not been verified. Please use it at your own discretion.

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Mitosis process

Admin — Mon, 17 May 2010 05:23:00 +0000

Interphase	Cell is performing for mitosis process. Chromosomes are not clearly seen and nucleus may be visible at the stage.
Prophase	Chromatin becomes visible. Nucleus disappear. Centrioles moves in opposite direction. Fibers extends to the from the centromers. Some fibers cross the cell to form the mitotic spindle.

Metaphase	Spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus.
Anaphase	The paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochores and move to opposite sides of the cell.
Telophase	Chromatids arrived at the opposite poles of the cell. New membrane is form around daughter cell. Chromosomes begin to disappear.
Cytokinesis	In animal cells, cytokinesis results when a fiber ring composed of a protein called actin around the center of the cell contracts pinching the cell into two daughter cells, each with one nucleus. In plant cells, the rigid wall requires that a cell plate be synthesized between the two daughter cells.

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Biology SPM Notes

Admin — Sun, 18 Oct 2009 19:48:21 +0000

Found this interesting link for Biology. Looks good and have been simplified for study. You may want to look at the notes and feedback in the comments.All the notes have not been verified by our tutors. We will not be liable for any information derived from the Third Party Link. This is a third party link.

Biology Notes

Description: Simplified for Revision with tons of colours. Very appealing to study
Reliability: The information have not been verified
Downloads: Click Here for Redirection
Note: The information have not been verified

How you can help. Download the notes and verify yourself. Post if you find any mistakes. If you find the information is good. Recommend to your friends.

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